Schnoodles & Doodle Pic
Some more Doodles & Schnoodles that went to fabulous homes
OUR SCHNOODLES ARE 1ST GENERATIONS THEY ARE CALLED THE DOGGIE WITH THE HUMAN BRAIN SCHNAZUERS ARE EXCEPTIONALLY SMART AND INTELLIGENT AND SO ARE POODLES
THESE DOGS ARE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS
Health and temperament is our number one priority. That is why we carefully select good quality AKC registered purebred poodles and schnauzers. We not only select healthy parents but also their personalities, willingness to please and intelligence as well. As a personal preference, I breed only first generation Cockapoo or Schnoodle puppies to take advantage of the hybrid vigor and the heterosis effect which results in a healthier, more vigorous puppy with a reduced chance of genetic disease.
Dog Article Author: Les Daniel
Various contentions have been put forward in the dog world by some, (eg those against mixed dog breeds), that 'hybrid vigor' is allegedly not possible (for example) when breeding mixed breeds such as Cockapoos (ie mixed breeding of purebred Cocker Spaniels and Poodles) as it is alleged that hybrid vigor is only possible with mixed breeding of unrelated animals (eg horse and donkey). However, that is not correct, and the benefits and nature of hybrid vigour or heterosis in mixed breeds such as Cockapoos has been known of some some time.
It should be noted that it is well regarded and recognized that hybrid vigour or heterosis effect is 'strongest' or 'highest' in the first generation of progeny produced from the crossing of the two purebred breeds, such as in Cockapoos or Schnoodles. That is, when the two parents are purebred (eg Cocker Spaniel and Poodle or Schnauzer and Poodle) and are crossbred, their progeny or offspring have the most hybrid vigour or heterosis effect. And this first generation of progeny or offspring are commonly referred to as the F1. And the next generation F2, etc, etc.
If, for example, you were to then breed an F1 progeny to another F1 progeny, then the hybrid vigour or heterosis in the progency or offpsring produced would be significantly lower than in the F1 generation. And the further down the generations you continue (eg F2, F3, etc), the hybrid vigour or heterosis continues to diminish to the extent that it is insignificant.
Provided are various extracts, links, etc, that relate to hybrids, and to hybrid vigour or heterosis. And hope that these may assist with the understanding etc of hybrid vigour or heterosis.
"What is a hybrid?
A hybrid is an organism resulting from a cross between genetically different parents. Hybrids can arise from crosses between closely related species (interspecific hybrids) or by crosses between different types (subspecies, varieties, cultivars) within a species (intraspecific hybrids).
Hybridisation occurs naturally, but it is also widely used in selective breeding programs for both plants and animals. The mule is an interspecific hybrid between the horse and the donkey, bred to combine some of the favourable characteristics of each parent. Intraspecific hybrids often show “hybrid vigour” (heterosis), growing more vigorously and yielding more than in-bredlines."
In an article titled 'Heterosis Effect, Hybrid dogs',(2) it states:
"Heterosis effect results in a healthier, more vigorous dog with a reduced chance of genetic disease. It is well known in all domestic animal breedings, hybrids 50%-50% mixes of two different breeds will raise the chances of having less genetic diseases because all doubling of detrimental effects will stop in the first generation. The genetic term for this is HETEROSIS EFFECT. This effect often gives non-related individuals stronger descendants than inbreeds."
"Once one goes beyond first generation purebred to purebred, you loose the heterosis effect, which is the goal for most hybrid breeders."
A noteworthy extract from 'Principles of Genetics I', D.H. "Denny" Crews, Jr., Ph.D., P.A.S.; Breeding and Genetics Section, LSU Department of Animal Science, Baton Rouge(3), states:
"Mating of animals which are not alike in their pedigree or that are not related are those which will generally exhibit higher levels of hybrid vigor. Closely related animals do not exhibit high levels of heterosis. "
Also noteworthy is the extract from 'Heterosis and Outbreeding Depression in Interpopulation Crosses Spanning a Wide Range of Divergence',
Suzanne Edmands, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, (4), which states:
"Relative to parentals, F1 hybrids showed a trend toward increased fitness, with no correspondence with population divergence, and a decrease in variance, which in some cases correlated with population divergence. In sharp contrast, F2 hybrids had a decrease in fitness and an increase in variance that both corresponded to population divergence."
From a United States Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, and County Governments Cooperating:
"The highest level of hybrid vigor is obtained from F1's, the first cross of unrelated populations."
"Hybrid Vigor – An increase in the performance of crossbred animals over that of purebreds, also known as heterosis."
From a transcript of the Senate of Australia(5):
"veterinarians recognize the concept of — hybrid vigor,“ especially in first generation hybrids"
In New Zealand, it was reported that keynote speakers at a series of Lincoln University Animal Industry workshops(6) indicated that:
"Another important but often forgotten principle is what happens when you interbreed the first cross (F1) progeny. In essence if you breed (F1) sires and dams together, there will be less hybrid vigour in the progeny. Like wise hybrid vigour also drops if you breed back to either of the parent breeds."
From a report by the Australian Government's CSIRO(7):
"The benefits of hybrid vigor only appear in crossbred animals that have parents of completely different breeds."
From Encylopedia Brittanica online:
'Increase in such characteristics as size, growth rate, fertility, and yield of a hybrid organism over those of its parents.'
'Plant and animal breeders exploit heterosis by mating two different purebred lines that have desirable traits. The first-generation offspring generally show, in greater measure, the desired characteristics of both parents. Since this vigour may decrease if the hybrids are actually mated together, the parental lines must be maintained and crossed for each new crop or group desired.'
From Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary:
'heterosis
the marked vigor or capacity for growth often exhibited by crossbred animals or plants -- called also hybrid vigor'
From Britannica online (8):
'heterosis'
"also called hybrid vigour, the increase in such characteristics as size, growth rate, fertility, and yield of a hybrid organism over those of its parents. Plant and animal breeders exploit heterosis by mating two different pure-bred lines that have certain desirable traits. The first-generation offspring generally show, in greater measure, the desired characteristics of both parents."
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